黄鳝线粒体DNA的提取及其酶切分析

用碱裂解法从黄鳝肝脏组织中提取线粒体DNA,并对提取的线粒体DNA纯度、完整性进行了检测.结果表明,其紫外吸收比值为OD26/280在1.72～1.96之间,纯度较高,琼脂糖凝胶电泳表明提取线粒体的完整性好;用EcoR Ⅰ和HindⅢ对黄鳝线粒体DNA进行酶切,用琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测,均能检测出两套不同的酶切片段,证明黄鳝线粒体DNA存在多态性.     

Strong heritability across years and sites for pod wall proportion and specific weight in Lupinus albus and genotypic correlation with other pod and seed attributes

Thinner pod walls might contribute to increased yield potential and adaptation of lupins. Fourteen autumn‐sown genotypes of Lupinus albus L. were evaluated over 2 years at four sites in southern Chile. Pod wall proportion (PWP), pod wall specific weight (WSW) and five other pod‐related characters were measured to estimate their genetic variation, heritability across years and sites, and genotypic and phenotypic correlations among the characters. Ranges for PWP and pod WSW were 22.9−43.1% and 16.4−37.4 mg/cm², respectively. PWP in cultivated L. albus was similar to that reported in L. angustifolius; however, specific weight was substantially lower. Highly significant genotypic effects were found for both characters. Broad sense heritabilities were high for PWP (0.63) and moderate for pod WSW (0.46). These characters were significantly correlated, more so genotypically (r_g = 0.67) than phenotypically (r_ph = 0.36). Selection for low PWP should lead to lower pod wall thickness or density, both of which contribute to pod WSW. Nevertheless, selection for pod WSW could achieve further reductions, particularly if practised among low PWP materials.     

花魔芋和白魔芋褐变机理及褐变抑制研究

该文通过研究花魔芋和白魔芋球茎中酚类物质含量、多酚氧化酶(Polyphenol Oxidase, PPO)活性、褐变底物和干燥脱水过程中褐变的机理，探讨了无公害酶促褐变抑制剂植酸、抗坏血酸、柠檬酸、L-半胱氨酸对魔芋褐变的抑制效果。结果表明：从11月至次年1月，白魔芋球茎的总酚含量始终高于花魔芋，花魔芋的PPO活力始终强于白魔芋，白魔芋的褐变强度始终弱于花魔芋的褐变强度，褐变强度跟魔芋球茎PPO活力呈正相关。引起魔芋褐变的主要底物可能是多巴胺。引起白魔芋和花魔芋褐变的酶均为多酚氧化酶。对白魔芋采用0.01% L-半胱氨酸单因子抑制剂浸泡5 min，并在60℃下烘烤，所得白魔芋干片颜色白，效果最好。对花魔芋采用0.15% L-半胱氨酸+1%柠檬酸+1%植酸+0.01%抗坏血酸组合抑制剂浸泡5 min，并在60℃下烘烤，所得魔芋干片颜色白，效果最好。     

黄鳝内脏碱性磷酸酶功能基团的初步研究

经Tris—HCl缓冲液（pH8．6）抽提,正丁醇脱脂,硫酸绥分级沉淀分离,DEAE—Sepharose Fast Flow和Sephacryl S-200柱层析,从黄鳝内脏中提取出电泳纯的碱性磷酸酶。用PCMB,NBS,PMSF,TNBS,SUAN,DTT及IAA在一定条件下选择性修饰该酶的各种氨基酸残基,并对酶活力的变化作出测定。结果表明,PMSF,NBS,TNBS,SUAN和DTT的修饰能显著抑制酶的活性,且酶活力降低程度与修饰别的浓度相关;IAA和PCMB的修饰不表现对酶的抑制作用。初步认为,Ser,Lys和Trp残基为黄鳝碱性磷酸酶的必需功能基团,部分二硫键对保护酶的催化能力是必需的。     

黄鳝性转变与体重、年龄的关系

研究了黄鳝（Monopterus albus Zuiew）性转变与体重、年龄的关系。结果表明,黄鳝性别与体重关系密切,体重在50．0g以下的黄鳝,均为雌性个体;体重在50．1～75．0g的黄鳝,开始出现性转变;体重在100．1～125．0g,雄性比例开始超过雌性的比例;体重在125．1～300．0g之间,随着体重的增加,雄性比例逐步增加,而雌性的比例逐步减少;体重超过300．0g的个体,则全部为雄性个体。1龄、2龄黄鳝均为雌性个体,3龄黄鳝开始出现性转变,4龄黄鳝的雄性比例超过雌性比例;5～8龄的个体,随着年龄的增长,雌性比例逐渐减少,雄性比例逐渐增加;9～11龄的个体,仍然有雌性个体。     

野生乌鳢、鲶、黄颡鱼和黄鳝的脂类及脂肪酸组成比较

对4种野生鱼黄鳝、鲶、黄颡鱼和乌鳢肝脏和肌肉中的脂类及脂肪酸组成进行了研究。结果表明，黄颡鱼肌肉和肝脏中的总脂含量均高于其它3种鱼，鲶肌肉的中性脂含量最小，极性脂含量最大；在4种鱼的脂肪酸组成中，肝脏的单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸含量大于肌肉。4种鱼肌肉脂肪酸组成中，n-3与n-6系列脂肪酸之比差异较大，而肝脏中的n-3与n-6系列脂肪酸之比为0．84左右，没有显著差异。4种鱼中，黄鳝除肝脏饱和脂肪酸含量小于乌鳢外，其肌肉饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸含量及肝脏单不饱和脂肪酸含量均大于其它3种鱼，而多不饱和脂肪酸含量则较其它3种鱼小。与其它食品比较，4种鱼均含有较高的多不饱和脂肪酸，以及较大的C20：5n-3和C22：6n-3含量。     

黄鳝体长与血清胆固醇含量关系的分析

测定了不同体长黄鳝血清的胆固醇含量,发现黄鳝体长(x)与血清胆固醇含量(y)之间存在极显著的直线相关,回归方程y=6.059x 2.164,相关系数r=0.628 6.     

Influence of Water Stress on the Chemical Composition of Seeds of Two Lupins (Lupinus albus and Lupinus mutabilis)

We have performed chemical proximate analysis and determined the carbohydrate profile of mature seeds of Lupinus albus, cv. Rio Maior and Lupinus mutabilis, cv. Potosi plants, either well watered (ww) or subjected to a water-stress period (imposed from the 15th to 35th day after anthesis). Protein content from lupin seeds was 450 and 320 g kg⁻¹ of seed on dry weight basis, for ww plants, respectively, of L. albus and L. mutabilis. Water stress did not affect protein content. The oil content of ww plants was about 120 g kg⁻¹ of seed dry weight for L. albus and 180 g kg⁻¹ of seed dry weight for L. mutabilis. Water stress reduced those values of half. The sugar content was about 90 g kg⁻¹ for L. albus and 50 g kg⁻¹ of seed dry weight for L. mutabilis, in ww plants. Water stress led to an increase in sugar content to 200 and 130 g kg⁻¹ of seed dry weight, respectively, for L. albus and L. mutabilis. The α-galactosides amounted to 70 % of the total sugars (raffinose being 30 % and stachyose, 40 %) and sucrose was about 20 % of the total sugars. Water stress increased total carbohydrates and increased the sucrose/α-galactoside ratio, although reducing raffinose content and increasing sucrose content.     

网箱养殖条件下黄鳝初次性成熟的年龄

对网箱养殖条件下黄鳝性腺指数进行测定并观察性腺组织切片,结果发现:网箱养殖条件下黄鳝在1周年内可以达到雌性性成熟,即网箱养殖条件下雌性黄鳝初次性成熟年龄为1龄;网箱养殖条件下1周年内黄鳝的性腺指数大致呈增长趋势,在6月,性腺发育成熟时,性腺指数达最大值,其值为14.33±2.07;网箱养殖黄鳝在1周年内血清雌二醇质量浓度在6月达到最大值,即(1 233.52±126.07)pg/mL,血清睾酮质量浓度在5月已经达到最大值,即(13.99±1.54)pg/mL。     

黄鳝胃瘤线虫ITS及5.8S rDNA的克隆及序列分析

本研究旨在阐明黄鳝胃瘤线虫湖南分离株的核糖体DNA(rDNA)内转录间隔区(ITS)及5.8 S rDNA序列的遗传变异情况,并用ITS序列重构胃瘤线虫与其它线虫的种群遗传关系.利用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增胃瘤线虫rDNA的ITS-1、5.8S及ITS-2片段,将PCR扩增出的片段纯化后克隆至pGEM-T Easy载体,重组质粒通过菌落PCR鉴定后,对阳性菌落进行序列测定并进行序列分析.结果显示所获得的胃瘤线虫ITS及5.8 S rDNA序列总长存在一定差异(922～927 bp),其中包含部分的18S、28 S及全部的ITS-1 (350～351 bp)、5.8S(102 bp)及ITS-2 (340～344 bp)序列.本研究系国内首次报道胃瘤线虫的ITS序列,其结果为黄鳝胃瘤线虫的分类鉴定以及进一步的分子流行病学调查和群体遗传研究奠定了基础.